ĐIỀU TRỊ NỘI NHA LÀ GÌ?
Điều trị nội nha hay còn gọi là điều trị tủy răng là một quy trình điều trị nha khoa cần thiết với những trường hợp tủy răng bị hỏng, bị tổn thương, bị hoại tử hoặc bị chết. Tuy nhiên trường hợp nào mới cần điều trị nội nha là băn khoăn của nhiều người. Hãy tìm hiểu vấn đề này qua bài viết dưới đây.
Đây là phương pháp điều trị ở bên trong răng. Bên trong răng, dưới lớp men trắng là ngà răng, trong lớp ngà răng có một lớp mô mềm là tủy răng. Tủy răng chứa các mạch máu, dây thần kinh và mô liên kết, tạo ra các mô xung quanh cứng của răng trong thời gian răng phát triển.
Tủy răng là thành phần rất quan trọng, là nhựa sống cho chiếc răng hình thành và phát triển. Nếu tủy răng chết thì chiếc răng đó cũng xem như bị chết.


KHI NÀO CẦN ĐIỀU TRỊ NỘI NHA?
Điều trị nội nha là cần thiết khi tủy răng, các mô mềm bên trong ống tủy bị viêm, nhiễm. Nếu viêm nhiễm hay nhiễm trùng không được điều trị nó sẽ gây đau đớn hoặc hình thành một áp xe.
Quá trình điều trị tủy gồm nhiều giai đoạn, đòi hỏi khách hàng phải đến phòng khám một hoặc nhiều lần hẹn tùy thuộc vào tình trạng và vị trí răng cần điều trị.
TẠI SAO PHẢI ĐIỀU TRỊ NỘI NHA?
Khi tủy răng bị hỏng, bị tổn thương, bị hoại tử hoặc bị chết tủy thì điều trị nội nha là một chỉ định cần thiết, thậm chí là bắt buộc. Khi tủy răng bị tổn thương hoặc bị chết, nó sẽ gây ra những triệu chứng như: đau đớn, nhức nhói và ê buốt, cao răng bám đầy mặt răng tạo mùi hôi khó chịu và nhất là tình trạng răng bắt đầu bị suy yếu, xương ổ răng bắt đầu có dấu hiệu tiêu hủy dẫn tới tình trạng rụng răng.
Tình trạng này không những ảnh hưởng đến sinh hoạt hàng ngày mà còn làm ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe răng miệng. Răng không còn thực hiện được chức năng ăn nhai, càng không thể đảm bảo tính thẩm mỹ cho khuôn miệng và có thể hình thành thành nên nang chân răng.
Để tránh việc phải điều trị tủy răng gây đau đớn và tốn kém, khách hàng nên đi khám sức khỏe răng miệng định kỳ nhằm phát hiện ra bệnh lý kịp thời và điều trị dứt điểm đúng lúc.

QUY TRÌNH ĐIỀU TRỊ TỦY TẠI RĂNG HÀM MẶT TRỌNG VIỆT
Bước 1: Thăm khám trực tiếp, chụp phim tại chỗ hoặc phim nội nha để xác định tình trạng viêm của tủy răng.
Bước 2: Giải thích cho khách hàng về phương pháp điều trị, chi phí điều trị. Tại bước này khách hàng sẽ được vệ sinh và làm sạch răng miệng (nếu cần thiết)
Bước 3: Tiến hành điều trị
- Gây tê lấy tuỷ: Nếu khách hàng có tiền sử dị ứng thuốc tê hay có bệnh toàn thân như cao huyết áp, tiểu đường… cần báo cho nha sĩ biết trước khi điều trị.
Không phải bệnh nhân nào điều trị nội nha cũng cần phải gây tê. Nếu bệnh nhân không đau như trong trường hợp tuỷ đã chết lâu ngày, răng không còn cảm giác thì sẽ không cần phải gây tê. Gây tê nhằm mục đích tạo sự thoải mái cho bệnh nhân và nha sĩ khi điều trị.
- Mở tuỷ: Bác sĩ sử dụng mũi khoan để mở đường vào tuỷ răng. Đường vào này rất quan trọng và phải đủ rộng để bác sĩ có thể lấy sạch tuỷ răng trong toàn bộ hệ thống ống tuỷ và dễ dàng trám kín ống tuỷ sau này.
- Làm sạch và tạo hình ống tuỷ: Bác sĩ sử dụng dụng cụ bằng tay hay bằng máy gọi là trâm tay hay trâm máy để lấy sạch tuỷ răng, vi khuẩn…, tạo hình ống tuỷ đồng thời kết hợp với việc bơm rửa nhiều lần cho hiệu quả việc làm sạch được nâng cao. Việc tạo hình ống tuỷ giúp cho việc làm sạch và trám bít ống tuỷ sau này được thuận lợi.
Để đảm bảo cho toàn bộ hệ thống ống tuỷ được làm sạch, cần phải chụp các phim đo chiều dài chân răng hay sử dụng máy định vị chóp. Theo đó bác sĩ sẽ phải làm sạch, tạo hình tới đúng chiều dài chân răng, đảm bảo không còn mô tuỷ hay vi khuẩn còn sót lại trong ống tuỷ.
Quá trình nội nha có thể kết thúc trong một lần hẹn hoặc nhiều lần hẹn. Giữa các lần hẹn răng đang nội nha sẽ được trám tạm lại để thức ăn không chui vào răng gây thêm nhiễm trùng
- Trám bít ống tuỷ Là bước cuối cùng của điều trị quy trình nội nha.
Sau khi đã làm sạch hoàn toàn hệ thống ống tuỷ và bệnh nhân hết các triệu chứng đau nhức, viêm nhiễm…, bác sĩ sẽ đánh giá lại xem có thể trám bít ống tuỷ được hay chưa? Quá trình trám bít ống tuỷ là sử vật liệu trám bít ống tuỷ (như côn gutta percha) kết hợp với các dụng cụ bằng tay để bít kín toàn bộ hệ thống ống tuỷ, ngăn chặn sự xâm nhập của vi khuẩn.
Kết thúc quá trình điều trị, khách hàng sẽ được tiến hành chụp phim để xác định tủy răng đã được làm sạch, tránh tình trạng viêm đau quay trở lại.
Bước 4: Phục hình răng
- Do răng đã điều trị tủy không còn được nuôi dưỡng nên rất dòn và dễ vỡ, để bảo vệ răng, bác sĩ tiến hành mài đi một lớp trên răng đã được điều trị tủy để phục hành răng sứ lên trên thân răng đã được điều trị tủy nhằm phục hồi lại hình dáng tự nhiên của răng. Các bác sĩ sẽ gia cố trước khi bọc mão nếu phần thân răng bị vỡ quá lớn.

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